FTTH Architecture for Beginners

FTTH (Fiber-to-the-Home) architecture consists of several key components that enable high-speed data transmission over fiber optic cables. Here are the important parts and how signals move through each:

? Central Office(CO) or Exchange

1. Houses OLT (Optical Line Terminal) for signal conversion.

2. Manages network operations, monitoring, and maintenance.

3. Serves as the primary hub for network control, provisioning, and troubleshooting.

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1. OLT is installed in Central Office CO

2. Converts electrical signals to optical signals for fiber transmission.

3. Manages downstream traffic to multiple Optical Network Terminals (ONTs).

4. Receives upstream traffic from ONTs and converts to electrical signals.

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1. Collecting fibers from Central Office (CO)

2. Distributing fibers to multiple Fiber Distribution Points (FDPs)

3. Splitting optical signals to multiple paths

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1. A high-capacity fiber optic cable connecting Central Office (CO) to Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH)

2. High Fiber count Cable which provides Long-distance transmission (up to 20 km)

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1. Divides one signal coming from OLT into multiple output signals (e.g., 1:8, 1:16)

2. It also maintain Signal quality. 

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1. Delivering fiber optic signals from Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) to end-users* 

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1. ONT convert optical signals from fiber to electrical signals for use inside homes/offices.

2. Signals transmitted: Upstream (user to CO)

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 1. ??????????? ????????????::

- GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network)

- EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network)

- 10G-EPON

- PON (Passive Optical Network)

2. ????-?????????? ????????????:

- NG-PON2 (Next-Generation PON 2)

- XGS-PON (10-Gigabit Symmetric PON)

- TWDM-PON (Time-Wavelength Division Multiplexing PON)

- DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing)

- CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing)

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1. ????????? ????????:

- High-speed data transmission (up to 10 Gbps)

- Low latency (<1 ms)

- High reliability and uptime

- Scalability and future-proof

- Enhanced network security

2. ???????? ????????:

- Increased property values

- Attracts businesses and residents

- Creates jobs and stimulates local economy

- Reduces infrastructure costs (long-term)

- Increases competition among service providers